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- <text id=93HT1286>
- <link 93XP0422>
- <title>
- Hitler: Crack Of Doom
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Hitler Portrait
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- July 31, 1944
- Crack of Doom
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Bomb-weary Berliners sat down to another dreary dinner. From
- radio loudspeakers came pleasant music, scheduled to be followed
- by a useful lecture on the extermination of rats. The lecture
- never came. Instead a tense voice clipped in: "Today an attempt
- was made on the life of the Fuhrer with explosives..."
- </p>
- <p> Around the world as in Berlin the tense voice sounded like
- the crack of doom. The one question that flashed through every
- mind was: is this the end, the crackup? Had the long-awaited
- struggle between Hitler and his generals begun?
- </p>
- <p> The voice went on: "...The Fuhrer suffered no injuries
- except light burns and bruises...He resumed work and, as
- scheduled, received the Duce...A short time after, Reich
- Marshal Goring arrived...." Wounded with Hitler were 12 of his
- military advisers, some of them seriously. That was all.
- </p>
- <p> Telephone and wire services to neutral countries were cut
- off. Airplane flights to neutral Sweden and Switzerland were
- interrupted. For hours the fate of Hitler and of Germany, which
- was in some degree the fate of every man, woman & child in the
- world, was shrouded behind an invisible, hermetic barrier.
- </p>
- <p> To the Nation. Seven hours later Hitler himself spoke on the
- air. He said: "German men and women:...If I address you
- today (it was 12:59 a.m., Berlin Time) I am doing so for two
- reasons: first, so that you shall hear my voice and know that I
- personally am unhurt and well and, second, so that you shall hear
- the details of a crime that has no equal in German history.
- </p>
- <p> "An extremely small clique of ambitious, unscrupulous and at
- the same time foolish, criminally stupid officers hatched a plot
- to remove me and...the staff of the German High Command. The
- bomb that was placed by Colonel Graf von Stauffenberg exploded
- two meters [about two yards] away from me on my right side. It
- wounded very seriously a number of my dear collaborators. One of
- them has died...
- </p>
- <p> "At an hour in which the German Army is waging a very hard
- struggle there has appeared in Germany a very small group,
- similar to that in Italy, that believed that it could thrust a
- dagger into our back as it did in 1918...It is a very small
- clique of criminal elements, which will now be exterminated quite
- mercilessly.
- </p>
- <p> "I order, therefore, at this moment, that no civilian
- authority accept any order from an authority that these usurpers
- arrogantly assume. Secondly, that no military authority and no
- leader of troops and no soldier obey any order by these usurpers...."
- </p>
- <p> Reich Marshal Hermann Goring and Admiral Karl Doenitz spoke
- after Hitler.
- </p>
- <p> Firm Facts. Through the Nibelung fog a few relatively firm
- facts jutted out:
- </p>
- <p>-- A seizure of Government offices in Berlin by the Army
- collapsed when the officer who had been ordered to take them over
- smelled a rat, telephoned Propaganda Minister Paul Joseph
- Goebbels.
- </p>
- <p>-- Heinrich Himmler was now the Reich's "Iron Boss." He
- could appoint, promote, execute any officer in any civil or
- military job on the say-so of nothing higher than his own
- conscience.
- </p>
- <p>-- Executed were: 1) bomb-tossing Colonel Graf Claus von
- Stauffenberg, member of Hitler's own personal staff since he lost
- his right arm and eye in Tunisia; 2) Colonel General Ludwig Beck,
- onetime Chief of Staff, who fought Hitler's intuition in 1938,
- had since been in retirement. D.N.B. reported: "He is no longer
- among living beings."
- </p>
- <p>-- The bomb killed three of the men around Hitler. They
- were: Hitler's alleged double Heinrich Bergner, General Gunther
- Korten, Chief of Air Force General Staff, Major General Heinz
- Brandt.
- </p>
- <p>-- The military salute was abolished. All soldiers were
- ordered to use the up-armed Heil Hitler.
- </p>
- <p>-- Over the radio Dr. Robert Ley, brutal tosspot chief of
- the Nazi Labor Front, screamed: "Blue-blooded swine, lunatics,
- idiots, criminals, murderers, reactionaries!"
- </p>
- <p> Twilight Rumors. From the cavernous stage of Hitler's
- Europe, from behind the censor's hastily lowered asbestos
- curtain, came a confused welter of noises: hoarse shouts, the
- sound of running footsteps, the sudden stutter of machine guns.
- It was like the opening scene of a tragic and savage Twilight of
- the Gods. Rumor cried:
- </p>
- <p> Hitler had been forewarned at Berchtesgaden by the Gestapo,
- had sent his double, Heinrich Bergner, into the big map room,
- where a dozen generals and their adjutants were waiting for
- afternoon conference. Von Stauffenberg mistook Bergner for
- Hitler. In the same motion with which he gave the Nazi salute, he
- tossed a hand grenade. There were flames and an explosion.
- Bergner fell dead.
- </p>
- <p> No, Hitler had been present, and when the grenade--or was
- it a Teller mine?--exploded under the table, the explosion tore
- the pants off everyone present. When Benito Mussolini arrived a
- short time later, Hitler held up the ragged remnants to show that
- nothing worse had happened to him. Hitler was verging on a
- nervous breakdown, terrified of further attempts on his life, had
- deserted Berchtesgaden for a heavily guarded Rhineland estate.
- </p>
- <p> Rumors about the purge were the most bloodcurdling:
- </p>
- <p>-- Some 6,000 persons had already been arrested, some of
- them shot. Some 10,000 had gone into hiding.
- </p>
- <p>-- Himmler's strong-arm squads were arresting civilians as
- well as army officers. Among civilians jailed, perhaps shot:
- former Nazi Minister for Economics Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, former
- Foreign Minister Constantin von Neurath.
- </p>
- <p>-- In one south Bavarian concentration camp the Gestapo had
- shot a thousand German officers.
- </p>
- <p>-- Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, commander in Italy, and
- Colonel General Sachs, head of the Army's counter-espionage
- department, had been arrested.
- </p>
- <p>-- Baldur von Schirach, Gauleiter of Vienna and a leading
- Nazi, had fled from Vienna.
- </p>
- <p>-- General Fritz Fromm, whose job as head of the Home Army
- was taken over by Himmler, had been shot.
- </p>
- <p>-- Four hundred German officers had committed suicide.
- </p>
- <p>-- A naval revolt had broken out at the Kiel naval base.
- </p>
- <p>-- In France SS Guards were fighting pitched battles with
- the Army.
- </p>
- <p> Through this welter of blood, bullets, terror, hysteria,
- flight and death, it seemed clear Heinrich Himmler had the upper
- hand. How long he could keep it, with Germany's military
- situation growing more critical every day, was anybody's guess.
- For the first deep fissure between Wehrmacht and Nazis had
- cracked the solid-seeming total state. Sooner or later the tremor
- of doubt and fear would reach from the top down to the smallest
- private in the ranks, and the crack would indeed become the crack
- of doom.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile people in the outer world peered at the blood-and-
- iron orgy and wondered. What they felt about the misfired
- assassination was neatly and stoutly said by Prime Minister
- Winston Churchill: "They missed the old bastard (in euphemistic
- press reports: "bounder")--but there's time yet. There are
- grave signs of weakness in Germany. They are in a great turmoil
- inside and none can measure the extent."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-